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Historical Research Library

Discover the people, events, and key documents that shaped the Founding Era. 

Singers and dancers focused on Chris Jackson playing George Washington

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John Jay, by Gilbert Stuart and John Trumbull, ca. 1818 (National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution)

John Jay

Co-author of the Federalist Papers, American diplomat, abolitionist, and first Chief Justice of the United States

Person
Thomas Jefferson, engraved by C. Tidout, based on a painting by Rembrandt Peale, 1801. (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History)

Thomas Jefferson

Principal author of the Declaration of Independence who became the third President of the United States after a controversial election

Person
Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert Du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette, based on a painting by Alonzo Chappel (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History)

Marquis de Lafayette

French nobleman and American general during the American Revolution who was a key figure in the Franco-American alliance

Person
John Laurens, by Charles Willson Peale, 1780 (National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution)

John Laurens

South Carolina officer and close friend of Alexander Hamilton who advocated abolition and recruitment of Black troops

Person
Hand colored portrait engraving of a middle-age Dolley Madison, drawn by J. Heravring after J. Wood. ca 1830-1880  (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History)

Dolley Madison

The influential First Lady who saved the portrait of George Washington during the War of 1812

Person
Gouverneur Morris, engraving by J. Rogers (Wikimedia Commons)

Gouverneur Morris

Constitutional Convention delegate who advocated a strong central government, abolition, and freedom of religion

Person
Thomas Paine, by Romney Illman & Sons (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History)

Thomas Paine

Author of “Common Sense” and “The Rights of Man” who was influential in the American and French Revolutions

Person
Paul Revere, 1887 (Library of Congress)

Paul Revere

Boston patriot, famed for his “midnight ride,” whose art turned a local skirmish into a “Massacre”

Person